<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html lang="de" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title></title><style type="text/css">html,body{background-color:#fff;color:#333;line-height:1.4;font-family:sans-serif,Arial,Verdana,Trebuchet MS;}</style></head><body><p>There is a theory on the Mona Lisa about that.<br><br>The painting is basically one piece of different pieces with a simular motive and techniques - from a few decades before and after the creation of the Mona Lisa painting.<br><br>Just imagine a young man who is watching a newly made painting of a female person in a monastary. When a monk from the monastary was the painter, how did it work with a female person as an model? And the young man is counting one and one together. It was a male model. And he finds monk who is looking simular like the figure in the painting. The new thing of the Mona Lisa was the hidden instruktion how to watch the painting. When you draw a line from up to down in the center of the painting you can see that there is a difference in focus. The painter created it through a new technique of how to paint the background. (Called "sfumato") - And the eyes of the "women" indicates how to use your own eyes. Squint to see clearly! And maybe the watcher is recognizing one of the painters students, which he liked to fxxxed...<br><br>Just a theory.<br><br>More interesting is why some nowadys masterpieces are famous now. For centurys the Mona Lisa was no big deal. Just an average painting. The breakthrough came in the 20th century, where it was stolen by an italian guy. In the same time newspapers used firstly pictures in newspapers and were potraying the (then stolen) Mona Lisa there.<br><br>Have fun!<br><br>Roland Ionas Bialke</p>
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<p>iang schrieb - <em>Mon Oct 28 05:23:36 EDT 2024</em></p>
<blockquote cite="mid:46aaf0d1-daa5-460f-b217-b701e27c7da3@sonic.net">
<pre>The Merchants of Venice—In Code
Sixteenth-century Venice conducted its affairs in code, so much so that
cryptology was professionalized and regulated by the state.
The secret in secretary is hidden in plain sight. In late Middle
English, a secretary was literally one who kept secrets. In
sixteenth-century Venice, there were professional cifrista, cipher
secretaries, that is, cryptographers, writing secrets in code to secure
communications from prying eyes. The Venetian city-state, which then
dominated the politics and commerce of Northern Italy, the Adriatic, and
the eastern Mediterranean, actively conducted its affairs in code.
Cryptology was so important and widespread in Venice’s Stato de Màr
(State of the Sea) it became professionalized and state controlled.
Scholar Ioanna Iordanou explores how cryptology was first an
intellectual pursuit that evolved into amateur use by merchants and
rulers and then became professionalized in the 1500s, “premised on
specialist skills through professional training.” There would ultimately
be a cryptology department in the Doge’s Palace, the secreto or Black
Chamber on the top floor.
...
<a href="https://daily.jstor.org/the-merchants-of-venice-in-code/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">https://daily.jstor.org/the-merchants-of-venice-in-code/</a>
Source paper:
The Professionalization of Cryptology in Sixteenth-Century Venice
Ioanna Iordanou
Abstract
This article examines the evolution of cryptology as a business trait
and a distinct state-controlled and -regulated profession in
sixteenth-century Venice. It begins by briefly discussing the systematic
development of cryptology in the Renaissance. Following an examination
of the amateur use of codes and ciphers by members of the Venetian
merchant and ruling classes, and subsequently by members of all layers
of Venetian society, the article moves on to discuss the
professionalization of cryptology in sixteenth-century Venice. This was
premised on specialist skills formation, a shared professional identity,
and an emerging professional ethos. The article explores a potential
link between the amateur use of cryptology, especially as it had been
instigated by merchants in the form of merchant-style codes, and its
professional use by the Venetian authorities. It also adds the
profession of the cifrista—the professional cipher secretary—to the list
of more “conventional” early modern professions.
<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/enterprise-and-society/article/abs/professionalization-of-cryptology-in-sixteenthcentury-venice/4C1A7D44C76A4CD7F421A27D1CBDD4D5" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/enterprise-and-society/article/abs/professionalization-of-cryptology-in-sixteenthcentury-venice/4C1A7D44C76A4CD7F421A27D1CBDD4D5</a></pre>
<pre> _______________________________________________ The cryptography mailing list cryptography@metzdowd.com <a href="https://www.metzdowd.com/mailman/listinfo/cryptography" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" title="https://www.metzdowd.com/mailman/listinfo/cryptography">https://www.metzdowd.com/mailman/listinfo/cryptography</a></pre>
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